The Zapotec civilization was an ancient culture that thrived in the Oaxaca Valley of Mexico from around 500 BCE to 1500 CE. Known for their advanced agricultural techniques, they cultivated crops like maize and beans, which supported their growing population. The Zapotecs built impressive cities, with Monte Albán being one of the most significant, featuring temples, plazas, and a complex social structure. The Zapotecs developed one of the earliest writing systems in Mesoamerica, using symbols to record their history and events. They were skilled artisans, creating pottery, textiles, and intricate stone carvings. Their rich cultural heritage continues to influence the region today.