Yosef Ben Matityahu, commonly known as Josephus, was a first-century Jewish historian and military leader. Born in Jerusalem around 37 CE, he initially fought against the Roman Empire during the Jewish War but later surrendered and became a Roman citizen. He is best known for his writings, which provide valuable insights into Jewish history and the context of the time. His most famous works include The Antiquities of the Jews and The Jewish War, which detail the history of the Jewish people and the events leading up to the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE. Josephus's accounts are crucial for understanding the cultural and political landscape of ancient Judea.