The First Jewish-Roman War (66-73 CE) was a major conflict between the Roman Empire and the Jewish population in Judea. It began due to rising tensions over Roman rule, heavy taxation, and religious oppression. The war saw significant battles, including the siege of Jerusalem, which ultimately led to the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE. The conflict ended with the fall of Masada in 73 CE, where Jewish rebels made a last stand against Roman forces. The war had lasting effects on Jewish history, leading to the diaspora and significant changes in Jewish religious practices and identity.