Wood decay is a natural process where wood breaks down due to the action of fungi, bacteria, and insects. This process typically occurs when wood is exposed to moisture, which creates an ideal environment for these organisms to thrive. As they feed on the cellulose and lignin in the wood, it weakens the structure, leading to deterioration. There are different types of wood decay, including brown rot, white rot, and soft rot. Each type affects wood differently, with brown rot causing the wood to become brittle and crumble, while white rot results in a more fibrous texture. Understanding wood decay is essential for maintaining the integrity of wooden structures.