Western literary movements are distinct periods or styles in literature that reflect the cultural, social, and political changes of their time. Each movement, such as Romanticism, Realism, or Modernism, showcases unique themes, techniques, and philosophies. For example, Romanticism emphasized emotion and nature, while Realism focused on everyday life and social issues. These movements often influence one another and can overlap, creating a rich tapestry of literary expression. Writers like Charles Dickens and Virginia Woolf are key figures in their respective movements, shaping how stories are told and understood. Understanding these movements helps readers appreciate the evolution of literature in the Western world.