West African sleeping sickness, also known as African trypanosomiasis, is a disease caused by the parasite Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. It is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected tsetse flies, which are commonly found in rural areas of West Africa. The disease primarily affects the central nervous system, leading to symptoms such as fever, headaches, and fatigue. If left untreated, West African sleeping sickness can progress to severe neurological issues, including confusion, personality changes, and sleep disturbances, which give the disease its name. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for recovery, with medications available to combat the infection.