Fascism is a far-right political ideology characterized by dictatorial power, extreme nationalism, and the suppression of opposition. It emerged in early 20th-century Europe, with notable examples including Benito Mussolini in Italy and Adolf Hitler in Germany. Fascists often promote a centralized government led by a single leader and emphasize the importance of the state over individual rights. The ideology rejects democracy and promotes a militaristic society, often using propaganda to maintain control. Fascism seeks to create a homogeneous national identity, often at the expense of minority groups, leading to widespread human rights abuses and conflict during its rise to power.