The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations is an international treaty established in 1961 that outlines the framework for diplomatic relations between independent countries. It defines the rights and responsibilities of diplomatic missions, ensuring that diplomats can perform their duties without interference from the host country. The convention emphasizes the importance of diplomatic immunity, which protects diplomats from legal action in the host country, allowing them to operate freely. It also sets guidelines for the treatment of diplomatic personnel and the inviolability of diplomatic premises, fostering peaceful international relations and cooperation among nations.