Victorian England refers to the period of British history during the reign of Queen Victoria from 1837 to 1901. This era was marked by significant industrial, cultural, and political changes, including the expansion of the British Empire and advancements in technology. Cities grew rapidly as people moved from rural areas to work in factories, leading to urbanization. Socially, Victorian England was characterized by strict moral codes and class distinctions. The middle class emerged as a powerful social group, while the working class faced challenging living conditions. Notable figures from this time include writers like Charles Dickens and George Eliot, who highlighted social issues through their literature.