A vertebral compression fracture occurs when one or more of the bones in the spine, known as vertebrae, become weakened and collapse. This type of fracture is often caused by conditions like osteoporosis, which reduces bone density, making bones more fragile. It can also result from trauma or injury. Symptoms of a vertebral compression fracture may include sudden back pain, loss of height, and a stooped posture. Diagnosis typically involves imaging tests such as X-rays or MRI. Treatment options can range from pain management and physical therapy to surgical interventions, depending on the severity of the fracture.