The Vasa dynasty was a royal family that ruled Sweden from 1523 to 1654. It began with Gustav Vasa, who led a successful rebellion against Danish rule and became the first king of an independent Sweden. The dynasty is known for its significant contributions to the establishment of a centralized state and the promotion of Protestantism. During the Vasa period, Sweden expanded its territory and influence, particularly under Gustavus Adolphus, who is often credited with modernizing the military. The dynasty ended with Christina of Sweden, who abdicated the throne in 1654, marking a significant transition in Swedish history.