Variant Calling is a process used in genomics to identify differences, or variants, in DNA sequences compared to a reference genome. These variants can include single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions, deletions, and structural changes. The goal is to pinpoint genetic variations that may be associated with diseases or traits. The process typically involves analyzing data generated from DNA sequencing technologies. Software tools compare the sequenced DNA to a reference genome, detecting discrepancies. Accurate variant calling is crucial for research in fields like personalized medicine and genetic research, as it helps scientists understand genetic diversity and its implications for health.