DNA sequencing is the process of determining the exact order of the building blocks, called nucleotides, in a DNA molecule. This sequence is crucial because it contains the genetic information that guides the development and functioning of all living organisms. By reading the DNA, scientists can learn about genes, heredity, and even the causes of certain diseases. There are various methods of DNA sequencing, with some of the most common being Sanger sequencing and next-generation sequencing. These techniques allow researchers to analyze genetic material quickly and accurately, leading to advancements in fields like genetics, medicine, and forensic science.