Uruguayan history began with the indigenous peoples, such as the Charrúa, who inhabited the region before European colonization. In the early 16th century, Spanish explorers arrived, leading to the establishment of Montevideo in 1726. Uruguay became a battleground for colonial powers, particularly between Spain and Portugal, and gained independence in 1825 after a series of conflicts. Following independence, Uruguay experienced political instability and civil wars, notably the Guerra Grande from 1839 to 1851. The country eventually stabilized in the late 19th century, becoming known for its progressive social policies. Today, Uruguay is recognized for its democratic governance and strong social welfare system.