The Umayyad clan was a prominent family in early Islamic history, originating from the Quraysh tribe in Mecca. They played a significant role during the life of the Prophet Muhammad and were known for their wealth and influence. After the death of Muhammad, the Umayyads became the first ruling dynasty of the Islamic Caliphate, establishing their capital in Damascus. Under the Umayyad rule, which lasted from 661 to 750 CE, the empire expanded rapidly, stretching from Spain to India. They are credited with significant developments in administration, architecture, and culture, including the construction of the famous Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem.