The Umayyad Emirate of Córdoba was established in 756 CE when Abd al-Rahman I, a member of the Umayyad dynasty, fled to the Iberian Peninsula after the Abbasid Revolution. This emirate became a significant political and cultural center in what is now modern-day Spain, promoting trade, agriculture, and the arts. Under the Umayyads, Córdoba flourished, becoming one of the largest cities in Europe. The emirate was known for its architectural achievements, including the famous Great Mosque of Córdoba. The Umayyad rule lasted until 929 CE, when it was elevated to a caliphate, further enhancing its influence in the region.