Abd al-Rahman III was a prominent ruler of the Umayyad Caliphate in Al-Andalus, which is present-day Spain and Portugal. He reigned from 912 to 961 CE and is known for establishing a period of stability and prosperity in the region. Under his leadership, Cordoba became a major cultural and economic center in Europe. He was the first Umayyad caliph of Al-Andalus, declaring himself caliph in 929 CE. Abd al-Rahman III worked to consolidate power, promote trade, and foster cultural advancements, including architecture and literature. His reign marked a significant era in Islamic history, characterized by tolerance and intellectual growth.