There are three main types of courts-martial in the military: summary courts-martial, special courts-martial, and general courts-martial. A summary courts-martial handles minor offenses and typically involves a single officer who acts as the judge. The process is quicker and less formal, often resulting in lighter penalties. Special courts-martial deal with more serious offenses and consist of a military judge and a panel of officers or enlisted members. General courts-martial are the most serious type, addressing major crimes and involving a military judge and a jury. These courts can impose severe penalties, including imprisonment.