Population policy refers to the strategies and measures implemented by governments to manage the growth and distribution of their populations. These policies can include initiatives to encourage higher birth rates, such as parental leave and child care support, or to reduce birth rates through family planning and education. The goal is often to achieve a balanced population that supports economic development and social stability. Countries may also focus on migration policies as part of their population strategy, addressing issues like immigration and emigration. Effective population policies consider factors such as demographics, healthcare, and education to ensure sustainable development and improve the quality of life for citizens.