The Tudor Dynasty ruled England from 1485 to 1603, beginning with Henry VII after his victory at the Battle of Bosworth Field. This period is known for significant events like the English Reformation, which saw the Church of England break away from the Roman Catholic Church, and the reign of Elizabeth I, who oversaw a cultural flourishing known as the Elizabethan Era. Following the Tudors, the Stuart Dynasty took over from 1603 to 1714, starting with James I, who united the crowns of England and Scotland. This era included the English Civil War, the brief establishment of the Commonwealth under Oliver Cromwell, and the eventual restoration of the monarchy with Charles II.