Trees communicate through a complex network of roots and fungi known as the mycorrhizal network. This underground system allows trees to share nutrients, water, and even chemical signals. When a tree is under stress, such as from pests or disease, it can send warning signals to nearby trees, prompting them to bolster their defenses. Additionally, trees can communicate through their leaves by releasing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the air. These chemicals can attract beneficial insects or warn neighboring trees of danger. This form of communication helps maintain the health of the forest ecosystem and promotes cooperation among trees.