A topographic survey is a detailed mapping process that captures the three-dimensional features of a specific area of land. It includes the measurement of natural and artificial features such as hills, valleys, trees, buildings, and roads. This survey provides essential information about the terrain's elevation and contours, which is crucial for various projects, including construction and land development. The data collected during a topographic survey is often represented in the form of topographic maps. These maps use contour lines to illustrate changes in elevation and can also indicate other features like water bodies and vegetation. Professionals such as land surveyors typically conduct these surveys to ensure accurate planning and design in engineering and environmental projects.