The Tlaxcalans are an indigenous people from the region of Tlaxcala in central Mexico. They are known for their historical resistance against the Aztec Empire and played a significant role during the Spanish conquest of Mexico. The Tlaxcalans allied with the Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés in 1519, which helped them defeat the Aztecs. Today, the Tlaxcalans maintain their cultural heritage through traditional practices, language, and festivals. They primarily speak Nahuatl, the language of the Aztecs, and continue to celebrate their history and identity through various cultural events and rituals.