The Aztec Empire was a powerful civilization that thrived in central Mexico from the 14th to the 16th century. Known for its rich culture, the Aztecs built impressive cities, such as Tenochtitlan, and developed a complex social structure, religion, and economy based on agriculture and trade. The empire was renowned for its architectural achievements, including grand temples and pyramids, as well as its advancements in art and science. However, the arrival of Spanish conquistadors led by Hernán Cortés in the early 16th century marked the beginning of the empire's decline, ultimately resulting in its fall in 1521.