Thoracic procedures refer to medical interventions performed on the organs within the chest cavity, primarily the lungs, heart, and esophagus. These procedures can be diagnostic, such as bronchoscopy to examine the airways, or therapeutic, like thoracotomy for surgical access to the chest organs. Common thoracic procedures include video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for minimally invasive lung surgery and mediastinoscopy for examining the area between the lungs. These interventions aim to treat conditions like lung cancer, pneumonia, or pleural effusion, improving patient outcomes and quality of life.