A thoracotomy is a surgical procedure that involves making an incision in the chest wall to access the organs within the thoracic cavity, such as the lungs and heart. This operation is often performed to diagnose or treat conditions like lung cancer, trauma, or infections. During a thoracotomy, the surgeon may remove tissue, repair damaged structures, or perform other necessary interventions. The procedure typically requires general anesthesia and may involve a hospital stay for recovery. Post-operative care is essential to monitor for complications and ensure proper healing.