Lung transplantation is a surgical procedure that replaces a diseased or damaged lung with a healthy lung from a donor. This operation is typically considered for patients with severe lung conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary fibrosis, or cystic fibrosis, who have not responded to other treatments. The process involves matching the donor lung to the recipient based on factors like blood type and size. After the surgery, patients require ongoing care and medication to prevent organ rejection and manage their health. Successful lung transplants can significantly improve the quality of life for recipients.