The French Third Republic was established in 1870 after the fall of the Second French Empire. It lasted until 1940, making it one of the longest-lasting republics in France. The government was characterized by a parliamentary system, with a focus on civil liberties and secularism. During its existence, the Third Republic faced numerous challenges, including political instability, economic issues, and the rise of extremist movements. It also saw significant events like the Dreyfus Affair, which highlighted issues of anti-Semitism and injustice in French society. The republic ultimately ended with the German occupation during World War II.