Thermal protection refers to methods and materials used to shield objects or environments from extreme temperatures. This can include insulation materials that prevent heat loss in buildings or protective gear for workers in high-temperature industries. Effective thermal protection helps maintain comfortable living conditions and ensures safety in various applications, such as aerospace and manufacturing. In aerospace, thermal protection systems are crucial for spacecraft re-entering the Earth's atmosphere. These systems, often made from specialized materials like ceramics or ablative materials, absorb and dissipate heat generated during re-entry. Proper thermal protection is essential to prevent damage to the spacecraft and ensure the safety of its crew and equipment.