Ablative materials are specially designed substances that can withstand extreme temperatures and conditions, often used in aerospace applications. These materials work by absorbing heat and gradually eroding or vaporizing, which helps protect the underlying structure from damage. Commonly found in spacecraft, such as those used in re-entry missions, ablative materials ensure safe passage through the atmosphere. The primary function of ablative materials is to dissipate heat through a process called ablation. As the material erodes, it carries away heat and reduces the temperature experienced by the structure. Examples of ablative materials include phenolic resin, carbon composites, and ceramic tiles, each chosen for their specific thermal properties and performance characteristics.