The Third Crusade (1189-1192) was a military campaign initiated to reclaim the Holy Land, particularly the city of Jerusalem, which had fallen to the Muslim leader Saladin in 1187. Key figures in this crusade included Richard the Lionheart of England, Philip II of France, and Frederick I of the Holy Roman Empire. Despite several battles and sieges, including the notable Siege of Acre, the crusaders were unable to retake Jerusalem. However, they achieved some victories and secured a treaty with Saladin that allowed Christian pilgrims access to the city. The crusade ultimately highlighted the ongoing conflict between Christian and Muslim forces in the region.