Richard the Lionheart, also known as Richard I of England, was a king who reigned from 1189 to 1199. He is famous for his role in the Third Crusade, where he sought to reclaim Jerusalem from Muslim control. Richard was known for his bravery and military skills, earning him the nickname "Lionheart." Born in 1157, Richard was the son of King Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine. He spent much of his reign fighting in battles and was often away from England. Despite his absence, he is remembered as a heroic figure in medieval history and a symbol of chivalry.