"The Theory and Practice of Oligarchical Collectivism" is a fictional work by George Orwell featured in his novel 1984. It presents a critique of totalitarian regimes, arguing that society is controlled by a small elite, or oligarchy, that manipulates the masses through propaganda and repression. The text explores how this elite maintains power by creating a false sense of unity and purpose among the populace. The work emphasizes the concept of collectivism, where individual freedoms are sacrificed for the supposed good of the state. It illustrates how language and thought are manipulated to maintain control, highlighting the dangers of unchecked authority and the loss of personal autonomy in a society governed by an oppressive ruling class.