"The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam" is a collection of quatrains (four-line poems) attributed to the Persian mathematician and poet Omar Khayyam. Written in the 11th century, it explores themes of love, life, and the nature of existence, often reflecting on the fleeting nature of time and the inevitability of death. The work gained popularity in the 19th century, particularly through the English translation by Edward FitzGerald. FitzGerald's version, published in 1859, introduced many Western readers to Persian literature and philosophy, emphasizing the poem's philosophical and existential musings.