Omar Khayyam was a Persian mathematician, astronomer, and poet born in 1048 in Nishapur, Iran. He is best known for his contributions to mathematics, particularly in algebra, where he developed methods for solving cubic equations. Khayyam also made significant advancements in the field of astronomy, including the reform of the Persian calendar. In addition to his scientific work, Khayyam is celebrated for his poetry, especially the Rubaiyat, a collection of quatrains that reflect on themes of love, fate, and the nature of existence. His literary contributions have made him a prominent figure in Persian literature and a lasting influence on world poetry.