"The New Jim Crow" is a book by Michelle Alexander that discusses how the U.S. criminal justice system disproportionately affects African Americans and other minorities. It argues that mass incarceration functions as a modern system of racial control, similar to the historical Jim Crow laws that enforced racial segregation. The book highlights how policies, such as the "War on Drugs," have led to the over-policing and imprisonment of minority communities. Alexander asserts that this system creates a racial caste, limiting access to jobs, housing, and voting rights for those with criminal records, perpetuating cycles of poverty and inequality.