"The Mismeasure of Man" is a book by Stephen Jay Gould that critiques the historical use of intelligence testing and the concept of measuring human worth through quantifiable metrics. Gould argues that such practices often reflect biases and flawed methodologies rather than objective science. The book examines various scientific studies and theories, including craniometry and eugenics, highlighting how they have been misused to justify social inequalities. Gould emphasizes the importance of understanding the complexities of human intelligence and warns against oversimplifying it into a single measure.