Stephen Jay Gould was an influential American paleontologist, evolutionary biologist, and science writer. He is best known for his theory of punctuated equilibrium, which suggests that species evolve in rapid bursts followed by long periods of stability. This idea challenged traditional views of gradual evolution and sparked significant discussions in the field of evolutionary biology. In addition to his scientific contributions, Gould was a prolific author, writing numerous books and essays that made complex scientific concepts accessible to the general public. His works, such as Wonderful Life and The Mismeasure of Man, explored topics ranging from fossils to the implications of intelligence testing, showcasing his passion for science and education.