The Beats were a group of American writers and poets in the 1950s who challenged conventional norms and explored new forms of expression. Key figures included Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg, and William S. Burroughs. They often focused on themes of spirituality, sexuality, and social criticism, using spontaneous and free-flowing styles in their work. This literary movement was closely associated with the counterculture of the time, influencing music, art, and social attitudes. The Beats sought to break away from materialism and conformity, promoting a lifestyle of exploration and creativity that resonated with many young people during the post-World War II era.