The Arab Spring was a series of protests and uprisings that began in late 2010 across the Arab world. Citizens in countries like Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya demanded political reform, economic opportunities, and an end to authoritarian rule. The movement was largely fueled by social media, which helped spread awareness and mobilize people. As a result of the protests, several long-standing leaders were ousted, including Hosni Mubarak in Egypt and Muammar Gaddafi in Libya. However, the outcomes varied significantly by country, with some experiencing civil wars and ongoing instability, while others saw limited reforms and continued challenges to governance.