The Tenth Dynasty of ancient Egypt is part of the First Intermediate Period, which lasted from around 2181 to 2055 BCE. This dynasty was centered in Herakleopolis and is known for its struggle against the rival Eleventh Dynasty based in Thebes. The Tenth Dynasty rulers sought to regain control over Egypt during a time of political fragmentation and instability. The Tenth Dynasty is characterized by a series of short reigns and limited territorial control. Despite their efforts, they were eventually overthrown by the Theban rulers of the Eleventh Dynasty, leading to the reunification of Egypt under Mentuhotep II. This marked the end of the First Intermediate Period and the beginning of the Middle Kingdom.