Tamil nationalism is a political and cultural movement that seeks to promote the identity, rights, and interests of the Tamil people, primarily in India, Sri Lanka, and the Tamil diaspora. It emphasizes the preservation of the Tamil language, culture, and heritage, advocating for greater autonomy and self-determination for Tamil regions. The movement gained prominence in the 20th century, particularly in response to perceived discrimination and marginalization of Tamils. Key organizations, such as the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), emerged to fight for an independent Tamil state in Sri Lanka, leading to a prolonged civil conflict that ended in 2009.