The Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) is a global assessment that measures the mathematics and science knowledge of students in the fourth and eighth grades. Conducted every four years, it provides valuable data on educational performance across different countries, allowing for comparisons and insights into effective teaching practices. TIMSS is organized by the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) and involves thousands of students from various nations. The results help policymakers, educators, and researchers understand trends in education and identify areas for improvement in teaching and learning in mathematics and science.