Tự Đức was the fourth emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty in Vietnam, reigning from 1847 to 1883. He is known for his efforts to modernize Vietnam and for his poetry, which reflects his deep appreciation for literature and culture. His reign faced significant challenges, including foreign invasions and internal strife. Despite his attempts at reform, Tự Đức's rule was marked by resistance to change and increasing pressure from colonial powers, particularly France. He is often remembered for his elaborate tomb, which showcases traditional Vietnamese architecture and his love for nature.