Túpac Amaru II was a leader of an indigenous uprising against Spanish colonial rule in Peru during the late 18th century. Born as José Gabriel Condorcanqui in 1740, he claimed descent from the last Inca emperor, Túpac Amaru I. His rebellion began in 1780, aiming to address injustices faced by indigenous people and to promote their rights. The revolt gained significant support but was ultimately suppressed by Spanish forces. Túpac Amaru II was captured and executed in 1781, becoming a symbol of resistance against oppression. His legacy continues to inspire indigenous movements in Latin America today.