Syslog is a standard for message logging in computer systems and networks. It allows devices like servers, routers, and switches to send event messages to a centralized server, known as a Syslog server. This helps in monitoring and troubleshooting by collecting logs from various sources in one place. The Syslog protocol operates over the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) and can handle different types of messages, including error reports and system alerts. By using Syslog, administrators can analyze logs to identify issues, track system performance, and enhance security across their network infrastructure.