SNMP, or Simple Network Management Protocol, is a standard protocol used for managing devices on IP networks. It allows network administrators to monitor and control network devices such as routers, switches, and servers. SNMP operates by using a manager-agent model, where the manager collects data from agents installed on the devices. The protocol facilitates communication through a series of messages, enabling the manager to request information or send commands to the agents. SNMP is widely used due to its simplicity and effectiveness in maintaining network performance and reliability, making it an essential tool for network management.