The Syslog protocol is a standard for message logging in computer systems and networks. It allows devices like routers, switches, and servers to send event notification messages to a centralized logging server. This helps in monitoring and troubleshooting by providing a consistent way to collect and analyze log data. Syslog messages typically include a timestamp, the hostname of the device, and the severity level of the event. The protocol operates over UDP (User Datagram Protocol) or TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), making it flexible for different network environments. This standardization aids in maintaining security and performance across various systems.