The Swiss government operates as a federal state, consisting of 26 cantons, each with its own constitution and government. It is known for its unique system of direct democracy, allowing citizens to participate in decision-making through referendums and initiatives. The executive branch is led by a seven-member Federal Council, which functions as a collective head of state. The Federal Assembly, Switzerland's parliament, is bicameral, comprising the National Council and the Council of States. This structure ensures a balance of power and representation for both the population and the cantons.