Surface mining is a method of extracting minerals and resources from the earth's surface. This technique involves removing the overburden, or soil and rock, that lies above the desired material, such as coal, gold, or copper. Common types of surface mining include open-pit mining, strip mining, and mountain top removal. This approach is often more cost-effective and safer than underground mining, as it allows for easier access to resources. However, surface mining can lead to significant environmental impacts, including habitat destruction, soil erosion, and water pollution, necessitating careful management and rehabilitation efforts.